Journal of Research in Social Science and Humanities
Journal Name : Journal of Research in Social Science And Humanities Initial : JRSSH Abbrevation : j. res. soc. sci. Humanit. ISSN : 2807-3916 (Online) | 2809-3356 (Print) DOI Prefix : 10.47679 by Frequently : 4 x (March, June, September, and December) Language : English Accreditation : Sinta 4 Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing Journal of Research in Social Science And Humanities is a peer-reviewed open-access journal, international, and intercultural journal. It promotes interdisciplinary research with a primary focus on original research or reviews in humanities and social sciences. Journal audiences are learned readers, researchers, policymakers, administrators, and educational organizations. The journal invites scientists and engineers throughout the world to exchange and disseminate theoretical and practice-oriented the whole spectrum of Social Science and Humanities. Articles are welcome in the following seven sections: Education and Assessment English Language & Literature Media & Journalism Politics & Governance Psychology Sociology Economics & Commerce. Peer Review Policy: All research articles in this journal have undergone rigorous peer review, based on initial editor screening and further review process by a minimum of two international reviewers. Online Submissions, Before submission, please make sure that your paper is prepared using the journal paper template. Already have a Username/Password for Journal? GO TO LOGIN Need a Username/Password? GO TO REGISTRATION Registration and login are required to submit items online and check the status of current submissions.
License agreement and author copyright We do not require authors to assign copyright of their published original research papers to the journal. Articles are published under a CC BY license (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License), which allows for maximum dissemination and re-use of open access materials and is preferred by many research funding bodies. Under this license users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit) and remix (adapt) the contribution including for commercial purposes, providing they attribute the contribution in the manner specified by the author or licensor (read full legal code). Visit our open research site for more information about Creative Commons licensing.
THE EFFECT OF BRAND IMAGE, PRODUCT QUALITY, PRICE ON CONVERSE SHOE PURCHASE DECISION IN WEST CIKARANG
Purchasing decisions are an important aspect of a marketing strategy that reflects a product's success in attracting interest and meeting consumer needs. This study aims to determine the influence of brand image, product quality, and price on purchasing decisions for Converse shoes in West Cikarang. This study uses a quantitative method with data collection techniques through distributing questionnaires to respondents. The sample in this study amounted to 100 respondents, determined using the Lemeshow method. The sampling technique used was nonprobability sampling with a purposive sampling approach. Data processing was carried out using the SPSS version 27 application. The results of the study indicate that partially and simultaneously, the variables of brand image, product quality, and price have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. This means that the better the brand image, the higher the product quality, and the more appropriate the price offered, the more likely consumers are to decide to purchase the product. These findings have implications for companies in improving marketing strategies, particularly in maintaining brand image, maintaining product quality, and setting prices that are in accordance with the value received by consumers. Keywords: Brand Image, Product Quality, Price, Purchase Decision JEL Code:
Copyright (c) 2026 Basar Maringan Hutauruk, Suryadi Suryadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimal Financing Structure For A Coal Hauling Road Project: A Comparative Analysis Of Corporate Finance And Project Finance At Pt Atlas Resources Tbk
The thesis discusses the strategic financing dilemma of the H3 Segment Hauling Road Project at PT Atlas Resources Tbk, which is considered vital to eliminate dependence on third-party roads. The issue lies in deciding between funding the project using internal resources under Corporate Finance or using external resources through the implementation of Project Finance with a Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) scheme in a private-to-private partnership. Accordingly, this research applies the financial valuation and risk analysis, and then compares the results to determine which scenario is better at providing a superior risk-adjusted value to the company. The study applies a quantitative method, with capital budgeting techniques as the main analytical tool. The analysis is made on the foundation of Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) valuation, which is complemented by sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, and Monte Carlo simulation. The results confirm the financial feasibility of both scenarios. Corporate Finance scenario gives a higher Net Present Value (NPV) of Rp 1,243 billion and an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 48,33%. On the other side, Project Finance (BOT) scenario offers a slightly lower NPV of Rp 1,183 billion, but provides risk isolation by managing construction and operational risks to the SPV. The research concludes that the Project Finance (BOT) system is the best option. The difference in financial value (about 4,8%) is considered as a trade-off for the benefits of risk segregation at the project level, which enhances the parent company’s financial flexibility and limits its exposure to project-specific risks. It is therefore recommended that PT Atlas Resources Tbk proceed with the BOT model as there should be a properly organized concession agreement on transfer of the assets.
Copyright (c) 2026 Vinsensius Paul Goodman, Ana Noveria https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Proposed Marketing Strategy To Enhance Brand Awareness Of Perfume Industry In Indonesia (Case Study : Charma Scents)
CharmaScents, a small and medium enterprise established in 2023, faces a critical business challenge of persistently low sales performance despite operating within Indonesia's rapidly growing perfume market, projected to reach USD 427.81 million with a CAGR of 3.35% through 2030. Through systematic root cause analysis, this research identifies that the fundamental business issue is not product quality, pricing strategy, or distribution channels, but rather critically low brand awareness among target consumers, with 58.6% of surveyed respondents having never heard of the brand. This creates a significant gap between market potential and actual sales performance, as brand awareness serves as the essential first step in consumer decision-making processes, particularly for experiential products like fragrances where sensory perception and emotional value play crucial roles. The research addresses a significant gap in understanding how emerging local perfume SMEs in developing markets can strategically build brand awareness through digital marketing within resource-constrained environments, particularly when marketing sensory products that traditionally require physical testing but are increasingly purchased online without prior experience. This study is especially relevant given that 73% of Generation Z consumers in Indonesia now engage in blind-buying behavior for perfumes based on digital content and social proof, representing a fundamental shift in consumer behavior that existing literature has not adequately explored within the context of local brand development strategies. This research employs a comprehensive mixed-methods approach integrating quantitative consumer surveys and qualitative stakeholder interviews to develop evidence-based marketing strategies. The quantitative component utilized a structured questionnaire distributed to 249 respondents from Generation Z and Millennial demographics in the Jabodetabek area, with data analyzed through IBM SPSS Statistics using validity testing, reliability testing, descriptive statistical analysis, and cluster analysis. The qualitative component consisted of semi-structured interviews with CharmaScents' co-founder, providing critical insights into internal capabilities and strategic positioning. The theoretical foundation integrates Kotler and Armstrong's Marketing Strategy and Marketing Mix theory, Barney's Resource-Based View, Porter's Value Chain and Five Forces, and PESTLE framework, synthesized through SWOT and TOWS analysis, ultimately applying Ansoff's Matrix to identify the most appropriate growth strategy. The research findings confirm critically low brand awareness as the primary barrier to sales growth, with cluster analysis identifying Value Seekers (57% of respondents) as the optimal target segment, young middle-income professionals aged 25-35 with stronger purchasing capacity, systematic decision-making processes, and high engagement with digital platforms. Internal analysis reveals that while CharmaScents possesses valuable resources including high-quality products, unique archetype-based storytelling, and authentic Indonesian cultural narrative, these strengths remain underutilized due to inconsistent digital content execution, limited marketing budget, and insufficient social proof. External analysis highlights favorable conditions including government support for local brands, growing consumer preference for domestic products, and e-commerce adoption, though tempered by intense competitive rivalry, low entry barriers, and minimal switching costs in the marketplace. Based on these findings, the research proposes a Market Penetration strategy comprising three integrated components. First, CharmaScents should develop a systematic digital content marketing framework centered on consistent storytelling campaigns aligned with personality archetypes, leveraging Instagram, TikTok, Shopee, and Tokopedia through structured content calendars, user-generated content, and strategic micro-influencer collaborations. Second, the company should introduce value-based product offerings including trial kits and scent bundles designed to reduce purchase barriers and encourage product exploration in online environments. Third, CharmaScents should selectively participate in offline activation events in urban areas to enable sensory product experience while reinforcing digital narratives. The implementation follows a phased approach prioritizing immediate actions (0-3 months) focused on establishing consistent content systems and launching trial offerings, medium-term initiatives (3-6 months) emphasizing micro-influencer partnerships and marketplace optimization, and long-term strategies (6-12 months) involving selective offline activations and community-building programs. This resource-conscious approach aims to increase brand awareness among Value Seeker consumers, build trust through social proof, and convert market potential into sustained sales growth while remaining aligned with CharmaScents' limited organizational capacity and affordable luxury positioning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Chyntia Paramitha Azka, Novika Candra Astuti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Participatory Oversight Strategy of the Lampung Provincial Election Supervisory Agency in Preventing Violations in the 2024 Elections
Indications of money politics, violations of civil servant neutrality, and intimidation of voters were found in various regions. This shows that participatory oversight is not yet fully optimal. Based on findings in the field, money politics is still rampant ahead of election day san. The methods are increasingly varied, such as the distribution of basic foodstuffs, digital transfers, and program promises. Many citizens still consider this to be "normal" in electoral political culture. This research was conducted in Lampung Province, which is a strategic location for studying participatory oversight practices in the implementation of elections. Lampung Province was chosen because it has a high level of political dynamics and a track record of innovation in community-based election oversight. The Lampung Province Bawaslu actively initiated various programs that directly involved the community in oversight activities, making it an interesting case study in the context of strengthening participatory democracy at the local level. Participatory Oversight in Preventing Violations through Oversight Villages, Socialization, and Complaint Centers First, Oversight Villages The implementation of participatory oversight in the Bawaslu's Oversight Village program in Lampung Province aims to build an election awareness culture at the level closest to the community, namely the village or sub-district. Second, Socialization The implementation of participatory oversight through socialization carried out by Bawaslu Lampung Province and regencies/cities focuses on efforts to build public awareness and encourage the community to play an active role in maintaining election integrity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Qohar, Anna Gustina Zainal, Dedy Hermawan, Nur Efendi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Relevance Of Cost Information, Transparency, Cost Distribution Towards Hospital Performance With Technology Development as a Moderation in Tangerang Regency
This study aims to examine the effect of cost information relevance, transparency, and cost distribution on hospital performance, with technological development as a moderating variable in Tangerang Regency. This research employs a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 148 respondents from the local community of Tangerang Regency as users of hospital services. The data analysis techniques include multiple linear regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) to test the moderating effect of technological development. The results reveal that cost information relevance, transparency, and cost distribution have a positive and significant impact on hospital performance. Furthermore, technological development is found to strengthen the relationship between cost information relevance, transparency, and cost distribution and hospital performance. These findings indicate that public perceptions of cost transparency, fair cost distribution, and the use of information technology play a crucial role in shaping hospital performance. This study provides practical implications for hospital management and local governments in improving cost management, service transparency, and information technology utilization to enhance hospital performance and public satisfaction sustainably.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hurian Kamela https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect of Reward Implementation and Non-Financial Work Environment on Employee Loyalty at Toko Femina Metro Lampung
This study aims to analyze the effect of reward implementation and work environment on employee loyalty at Toko Femina Metro. The research employs a quantitative approach with a survey method. The population and sample consist of 35 employees, selected using a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS. The results show that rewards have a positive and significant effect on employee loyalty. Likewise, the work environment also has a positive and significant effect on employee loyalty. Simultaneously, rewards and the work environment significantly influence employee loyalty, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.536, indicating that 53.6% of employee loyalty can be explained by the two independent variables, while the remaining 46.4% is influenced by other factors outside the research model. These findings imply that organizations should implement fair and transparent reward systems and create a conducive work environment to enhance employee loyalty. This study contributes to human resource management literature by highlighting the importance of rewards and work environment in fostering employee loyalty in the retail sector
Copyright (c) 2026 Hikmatul Aliyah, Buchori Buchori, Sugiono Sugiono, Dame Dwinta Sari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Effectiveness Use Application Screen Reader To Improve The Independence Of Blind People With Disabilities In Pertuni, Bengkulu City
This study discusses how screen reader applications help visually impaired people in Bengkulu City in carrying out their daily activities and increasing their independence. The study was conducted qualitatively by involving ten informants who are active members of PERTUNI. They have been using screen readers for at least six months and are accustomed to interacting with this technology in their daily activities. The results show that screen readers not only help them achieve their initial goals of use, such as working, communicating, or accessing social media, but also strengthen social relationships and improve their ability to adapt to technology. Although some informants experienced difficulties at the beginning of use because they had never used a smartphone, they were still able to adapt with the support of their families and environment. In terms of independence, screen readers made the informants more confident in making decisions, managing their personal lives, and carrying out activities without relying heavily on others. Thus, it can be concluded that screen readers are a very useful technology for people with visual impairments because they help them live more independent and empowered lives
Copyright (c) 2026 Rinku Yendriansyah, Isaac Fadlurrohim, Iqbal Grace Gani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Influencer Marketing Effectiveness and Participant Satisfaction In Paid Webinars: A Case Study of JIH Academy.
This study examines the effectiveness of influencer speakers in paid healthcare webinars by comparing participant perceptions and purchase decisions between webinars featuring influencers and non-influencers at JIH Academy. Using a quantitative survey method, data were collected from 135 webinar participants and analyzed descriptively. The study integrates influencer marketing constructs (attractiveness, expertise, originality, homophily, interaction, and image satisfaction) with training evaluation dimensions (perceived trainer performance, perceived usefulness, and perceived efficiency). The findings indicate that webinars led by influencer speakers are perceived slightly more positively across most variables, particularly in interaction, image satisfaction, and purchase decision. Although the differences between influencer and non-influencer webinars are relatively small, influencer speakers demonstrate a consistent advantage in enhancing participant interest and intention to attend future paid webinars. These results suggest that influencer-based promotion can modestly strengthen both marketing effectiveness and perceived webinar quality in healthcare training services.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kalam Suryatmojo Dim Zarita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of the Optimalization Strategy for the MyHC Platform in Realizing a Digital Employee-Centric Organization at PT XYZ
Digital transformation in the Human Capital Management (HCM) sector has shifted from mere administrative efficiency to an ecosystem centered on the employee experience. PT XYZ, a Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) company, utilizes the MyHC digital platform to bridge the needs of the organization and its employees. However, the main challenge lies in optimizing MyHC to function as an instrument of empowerment, rather than merely a managerial monitoring tool. This study aims to analyze the optimization strategy of the MyHC platform at PT XYZ to realize a Digital Employee-Centric Organization, where the needs and digital experiences of employees become the top priority. This research employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method following the PRISMA protocol, selecting reputable journal articles from the Google Scholar database published within the last three years (2023-2026). The results indicate that platform optimization focuses on four main pillars: (1) improving the accessibility of self-service to reduce bureaucratic barriers, (2) ensuring data transparency to support fairness in career paths and performance evaluations, (3) providing two-way communication channels to strengthen the employee voice, and (4) strengthening the knowledge management ecosystem. In conclusion, the transformation from a transactional system to an empowerment system that embodies employee-centricity requires a strong alignment between data-driven technological capabilities and organizational policies that prioritize human values.
Copyright (c) 2026 Angra Firman Felani, Umar Dwi Yulianto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Reinterpreting Abu di Ateh Tunggua: Power Relations and Male Responsibility in the Minangkabau Matrilineal System
This article examines the concept of Abu di Ateh Tunggua as a relational framework for understanding male position within the Minangkabau matrilineal kinship system. The role of the sumando has frequently been interpreted as a symbol of fragility or marginal status within customary structures. Using a qualitative, literature-based approach and conceptual analysis of customary norms, proverbial expressions, and the sumando typology, this study argues that Abu di Ateh Tunggua functions as an ethical metaphor that signifies responsibility, prudence, and relational awareness rather than structural subordination. In the Minangkabau context, men are not vested with proprietary authority within the wife’s lineage; instead, their legitimacy is grounded in moral obligations toward the nuclear family and the broader kin network. The article further identifies transformations in male roles in response to urbanization, education, and migration, highlighting ongoing negotiations between customary values and contemporary social change. These findings contribute to discussions of masculinity in matrilineal societies by demonstrating that authority may be constructed through social responsibility and collective recognition rather than ownership. The study underscores the importance of interpreting cultural expressions as analytical tools for examining power relations within indigenous kinship systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rozalvino Rozalvino, Bambang Sunarto, Andar Indrasastra, Pande Made Sukerta https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Need For Policy Measures to Address the Issues and Challenges Faced by Female Home-Based Workers.
In South Asia, especially in Pakistan, the majority of the female labour force is engaged in home-based work compared to men. As it is the most convenient form of work for females, due to cultural restrictions, they are not allowed to go outside their homes without a male companion. In Pakistan, female home-based workers make substantial contributions to the national economy through their wages. Despite their significant contribution, they are facing many challenges that hinder their economic participation. They are deprived of decent work opportunities and all other work benefits received by formal employees and workers. They are engaged in economic activities to improve their socioeconomic status and meet their household needs. The government needs to consider female home-based workers’ huge contribution toward poverty elimination and national GDP, and establish policy measures to address their issues and challenges to increase their economic participation and enhance women’s economic empowerment. The main objective of this study is to analyze issues of Female Home-based Workers, the significance of addressing their needs to make them more effective for the national economy. The study also suggests the required policy parameters to address the challenges of this substantial workforce.
Copyright (c) 2026 Uzooba Hureem https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Project-Based Student Worksheets to Facilitate Learning Independence of Grade X Students at SMK Negeri 9 North Bengkulu
This study aims to determine the validity level of project-based Student Worksheets (LKPD) and to identify the practicality level of project-based LKPD in facilitating the learning independence of Grade X students at SMK Negeri 9 North Bengkulu. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D model, which consists of four stages: define, design, develop, and limited disseminate. The research subjects were Grade X students of a vocational high school. The research instruments included expert validation sheets and response questionnaires distributed to teachers and students. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative techniques with percentage calculations to determine the level of validity and practicality of the developed product. The results of the study indicate that the project-based LKPD obtained an average validity score of 94.67%, which falls into the very valid category. In addition, the practicality test results show that the project-based LKPD achieved an average score of 89.79%, categorized as very practical. These findings demonstrate that the developed worksheets meet the criteria of content feasibility, clarity of presentation, and ease of use in the learning process. Furthermore, the implementation of project-based LKPD encourages students to participate actively in learning activities, complete tasks independently, and develop problem-solving skills through project-based tasks.Therefore, it can be concluded that the project-based LKPD is feasible and practical to be implemented in classroom learning and can effectively facilitate the development of students’ learning independence
Copyright (c) 2026 Ari Isnu Wibowo, Mariana Ade Cahaya, Hilyati Milla https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of Contextual Intercropping-Based Student Worksheets to Facilitate Students’ Problem-Solving Skills
This research was motivated by the low mathematical problem-solving ability of eighth-grade students at SMPN 15 Bengkulu Utara on the topic of linear equations and inequalities of one variable, as indicated by an average score of 40. In addition, the Student Worksheets (LKPD) used in the classroom are not contextual, less engaging, and have not optimally facilitated the development of students’ problem-solving skills. Therefore, this study aims to develop intercropping context-based LKPD that are valid and practical in facilitating students’ mathematical problem-solving abilities. This research employed a development research approach using the 4D model adapted into three stages, namely define, design, and develop. The study was conducted at SMPN 15 Bengkulu Utara. The research subjects consisted of 10 students of class VIII B in the limited trial and 23 students of class VIII A in the field trial during the 2025/2026 academic year. The research instruments included expert validation sheets as well as teacher and student response questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative techniques through percentage calculations to determine the validity and practicality levels of the developed product.The results showed that the intercropping context-based LKPD obtained a validity percentage of 90.18% from experts, which falls into the highly valid category. Meanwhile, the practicality results indicated that the LKPD achieved a score of 93.33% based on teacher responses and 88.15% based on student responses, both categorized as highly practical. Therefore, the developed LKPD is considered valid and practical for facilitating students’ mathematical problem-solving skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sularni, Mariana Ade Cahaya, Winda Ramadianti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Politicization of Bureaucracy in the Mutation of Career Officials Ahead of the 2024 Election in South Halmahera Regency
The politicization of bureaucracy in the implementation of career official mutations in South Halmahera Regency began after the death of Regent Usman Sidik on November 5, 2023. Subsequently, Deputy Regent Ali Bassam Kasuba was appointed as Acting Regent of South Halmahera based on the Governor of North Maluku’s decree dated November 6, 2023, Number: 100.1.4.2/3665/G. Previously, both were elected as a political pair in the 2020 regional election as Regent and Deputy Regent. Bureaucratic politicization also occurred ahead of the 2024 general election, where several relatives of the Acting Regent—including his uncle, cousins, and younger sibling—ran as legislative candidates at both national and regional levels. Career officials who sought to obtain or maintain certain bureaucratic positions attempted to engage in political activities, which subsequently generated bureaucratic politicization. Furthermore, mutations were also carried out after the election, as officials who were transferred were considered to have contributed insufficiently during the 2024 election. Therefore, maintaining bureaucratic neutrality from political interests becomes extremely difficult. Instead, bureaucracy tends to be absorbed into political dynamics during elections and regional head contests. If bureaucrats refrain from engaging in political activities, they risk negative implications resulting from politicization. This study aims to identify the relationship pattern between political officials and career officials in the mutation of career officials and to examine the implications of bureaucratic politicization following the implementation of such mutations. This research employs a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Data were obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and secondary data from document tracing. Data analysis uses the qualitative analysis model of Miles and Huberman, which includes data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sumitro Sy. Syawal, Sukur Suleman, Fitria Djarre https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Marketing Strategy Analysis to Increase the Sales Volume of Fresh Gourami Fish at Bintang Gurame Distributor in Pringsewu, Lampung
This research is focused on the study of applied marketing strategies and identify supporting and inhibiting factors through the integration of the marketing mix (4P) and SWOT analysis. The research approach used is qualitative descriptive, with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The use of SWOT analysis poured into the IFAS and EFAS matrix, based on the results of the analysis, showed that the Bintang Gurame Distributor obtained an IFAS score of 2.92 and an EFAS result of 3.04. These results indicate that the company is in a pretty strong position to take advantage of the opportunities available. Therefore, the implementation of a more aggressive marketing strategy through the SO strategy is the main strategy choice, with the aim of optimizing market opportunities and encouraging a sustainable increase in sales volume.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dimastiar Mulia Putra, Defrizal Defrizal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Development of a Contextual-Based Mathematics Learning Module to Improve Mathematical Literacy of Seventh-Grade Students at State Junior High School 05 Bengkulu City
This study aimed to develop a contextual-based mathematics learning module on algebra material to improve the mathematical literacy of seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 05 Bengkulu City. The study was motivated by the low level of Indonesian students’ mathematical literacy as reported by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development through the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2022, which indicates that most students are still below the minimum competency level. Preliminary observations at the research site also revealed that mathematics learning tends to focus on procedural exercises and abstract problems, with limited connection to students’ real-life contexts. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, which consists of the stages of Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate. The limited trial subjects involved 29 seventh-grade students and one mathematics teacher. The research instruments included expert validation sheets for material and media, practicality questionnaires for students and teachers, and a mathematical literacy test based on PISA indicators. The results indicated that the developed module met the criteria of high validity, with an average material validation score of 3.50 (very good category), media validation score of 3.025 (good category), and language validation score of 3.86 (very good category). The practicality of the module based on students’ responses obtained an average score of 3.14 (interesting category), while the teacher’s response reached 3.65 (very feasible category). The use of the module improved students’ learning mastery, reaching more than 90%, indicating that the module is valid and practical for use in mathematics learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yona Christiana, Adi Asmara,Hilyati Milla https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CRITICAL THINKING AND MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS USING PROBLEM-BASED AND PROJECT-BASED LEARNING MODELS AMONG EIGHTH-GRADE STUDENTS AT SMP NEGERI 20 REJANG LEBONG
This study aims to analyze the differences and effects of problem-based learning, project-based learning, and direct instruction models on students’ critical thinking and mathematical problem-solving abilities. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group design. The population of the study consisted of all eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 20 Rejang Lebong in the 2025/2026 academic year, totaling 83 students, and all were used as the sample through a total sampling technique. The research instruments were essay tests measuring critical thinking skills and mathematical problem-solving abilities, which had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was conducted through normality tests, homogeneity tests, and one-way ANOVA with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the average posttest score of critical thinking ability in the project-based learning class (86) was higher than that in the problem-based learning class (83) and the direct instruction class (76). In terms of problem-solving ability, the highest average score was obtained by the problem-based learning class (87), followed by the project-based learning class (86) and the direct instruction class (81). The ANOVA test results indicated a significance value of < 0.05, demonstrating that there are significant differences and effects among the three learning models on both abilities. It can be concluded that problem-based learning and project-based learning models are more effective than direct instruction in improving students’ critical thinking and mathematical problem-solving abilities
Copyright (c) 2026 Warniati, Risnanosanti, Tomi Hidayat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Educational Marketing Management Strategy to Increase the Number of New Students
This study aims to analyze effective educational marketing management strategies in increasing the number of new students at Mts Ma'arif 11 Tokawi. In an era of increasingly fierce competition, madrasas are required to implement appropriate marketing strategies in order to attract the interest of prospective new students and parents. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method on madrasas that have succeeded in increasing the number of new students. Data collection techniques are carried out through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the marketing strategies used include: (1) planning excellence as a promotion that will be used to attract the interest of prospective new students, (2) organizing the formation of a new student admissions committee, (3) implementing strategies that have been determined by the madrasa such as promoting madrasa activities through social media and socialization to the community, (4) monitoring and evaluation are carried out through internal meetings with the PPDB committee led directly by the principal of the madrasa by reviewing the results of the marketing strategies that have been implemented in terms of the level of community response, the effectiveness of the use of social media and the number of prospective new students who register. The implementation of this marketing strategy has been proven to increase the attractiveness of madrasahs and result in an increase in the number of new students. This research is expected to provide practical recommendations for madrasah administrators in designing adaptive and sustainable marketing strategies.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ilyas Arizka, Duwi Habsari Mutamimah, Asis Sustiawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Relationship Between Gratitude and Happiness Among Students of HKBP Nommensen University
This study was conducted to examine the relationship between gratitude and happiness among students at HKBP Nommensen University. The method used in this study was a quantitative approach. The subjects of this research were 212 students of HKBP Nommensen University selected using a random sampling technique. The measurement instruments applied in this study were the Gratitude Scale and the Happiness Scale, which employed a Likert scale with a score range of 1–5. The data analysis technique used was Pearson’s product-moment correlation with a significance level of 5%. Based on the data analysis, the correlation coefficient obtained was r = 0.393 with a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.005). These findings suggest a significant relationship between gratitude and happiness, indicating that higher levels of gratitude are associated with greater happiness, and conversely, lower levels of gratitude correspond to lower levels of happiness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Budianto Siregar, Nenny Ika Putri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Correlation Between Mothers' Knowledge About Caesarean Sectio With Mothers' Anxienty During Pre-Surgery at Ummi General Hospital in Bengkulu City
Caesarean section is a surgical delivery method that is increasingly being used. Eventhough considered as general procedure, caesarean section can cause anxienty on mother, especially during pre-operation. One of factor that allegedly influence the anxienty level is Mothers' knowledge about caeserean section. This research purpose is to find out the correlation between Mothers' knowledge about caesarean section with Mothers' anxienty during pre operation at Ummi Hospital of Bengkulu City. This research uses analytic survey method with cross section research design. The research population is all mothers who will choose labor with caesarean section at RSU Ummi of Bengkulu CIty with total sample number 45 respondent who taken by using total sampling technique. Data are collected by using questionnaire about knowledge and anxiety, them analyzed by using univariate and bivariate using Chi-Square test. The research result shows that almost half of respondent has good knowledge (37,8%) and mild anxiety level (40,0%) The result of Chi-Square shows that p-value = 0,008 (p < 0,05), means there is a significance correlation between Mothers' knowledge with pre-operation anxiety. It can be concluded that the increase of health education pre-operation is very important to increase the Mothers' knowledge and to reduce anxiety result before conduct caesarean section.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mepi Sulastri, Kintan Anissa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PENGARUH CITRA MEREK, KUALITAS PRODUK, HARGA TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN SEPATU CONVERSE DI CIKARANG BARAT
Keputusan pembelian merupakan aspek penting dalam strategi pemasaran yang mencerminkan keberhasilan suatu produk dalam menarik minat serta memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh citra merek, kualitas produk, dan harga terhadap keputusan pembelian sepatu Converse di Cikarang Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada responden. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 100 responden, ditentukan menggunakan metode Lemeshow. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah nonprobability sampling dengan pendekatan purposive sampling. Pengolahan data dilakukan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS versi 27. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial maupun simultan, variabel citra merek, kualitas produk, dan harga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian. Hal ini berarti, semakin baik citra merek, semakin tinggi kualitas produk, dan semakin tepat harga yang ditawarkan, maka semakin besar kemungkinan konsumen memutuskan untuk membeli produk tersebut. Temuan ini memberikan implikasi bagi perusahaan dalam meningkatkan strategi pemasaran, khususnya dalam mempertahankan citra merek, menjaga kualitas produk, serta menetapkan harga yang sesuai dengan nilai yang diterima oleh konsumen.
Effectiveness of Social Media-Based E-Learning In Enhancing Business Simulation Understanding: A Case of Edugate
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of social media as an instructional support tool in enhancing students’ understanding of a Business Simulation Game. The increasing integration of digital platforms in higher education has encouraged the use of social media as a supplementary learning medium. However, empirical evidence regarding its effectiveness in supporting simulation-based training remains limited. Therefore, this study examines whether social media-based learning contributed to improved learning outcomes and explores students’ learning experience of its implementation, grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The research employs a mixed-method approach involving 125 university students who participated in the competition. Quantitative data were collected through pre-test and post-test assessments as well as Likert-scale questionnaires, while qualitative data were obtained from open-ended responses. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, instrument validity and reliability testing, and N-Gain score analysis. The results indicate an increase in post-test scores compared to pre-test results, reflecting improved understanding after the implementation of social media-based instructional support. In addition, students expressed positive learning experience and perception in term of TAM. These findings confirms that social media can function effectively as a supplementary tool in Business Simulation Game competition.
Copyright (c) 2026 Salima Fadhilatus Sholihah, Istyakara Muslichah, Dim Zarita Suryanugraha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Law Enforcement Officers in Handling Domestic Violence Cases in The Criminal Investigation Unit of The Southeast Aceh Police
Domestic Violence (DV) is a crime that has serious impacts on victims, both physically, psychologically, and socially. Case data in the jurisdiction of the Southeast Aceh Police shows an increase in the number of domestic violence cases from 2020 to 2024. This increase indicates low public legal awareness, strong patriarchal cultural factors, and a suboptimal victim protection system. This study formulates the problem regarding the obstacles faced by law enforcement officers, the legal efforts undertaken, and the role of law enforcement officers in handling domestic violence cases in the Criminal Investigation Unit of the Southeast Aceh Police. The purpose of this study is to analyze obstacles, examine the forms of legal efforts, and assess the effectiveness of the role of law enforcement officers based on the provisions of applicable laws and regulations. The research method used is empirical normative legal research with a statutory approach and a case approach, supported by domestic violence case data over the past five years. The results of the study indicate that obstacles to handling domestic violence include limited facilities and infrastructure, limited human resources, low victim participation in the legal process, and socio-cultural factors in the community. Legal efforts undertaken by law enforcement officers include preventive, repressive, and combined measures in accordance with the provisions of Law Number 23 of 2004 and criminal procedural law. The role of law enforcement officers is a determining factor in ensuring victim protection and the effectiveness of law enforcement. Therefore, strengthening institutional capacity, increasing the professionalism of officers, and increasing public legal awareness are necessary to ensure just and victim-oriented domestic violence law enforcement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmayanti Rahmayanti, Suci Ramadani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation Of The Application Of Additional Punishment For Chemical Castration In Handling Perpetrators Of Sexual Violence Against Children Is Reviewed From Government Regulation (Pp) Number 70 Of 2020 Concerning Procedures For The Implementation Of Chemical Castration
This study aims to evaluate the application of additional punishment in the form of chemical castration to perpetrators of sexual violence against children as stipulated in Government Regulation (PP) Number 70 of 2020 concerning Procedures for the Implementation of Chemical Caster. The birth of the PP is the government's effort to provide maximum protection for children as victims of sexual crimes, as well as a form of deterrent effect for perpetrators. The research method used is normative juridical research with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Data was obtained through literature studies by examining laws and regulations, legal doctrines, and related literature. The results of the study show that the application of chemical castration punishment still faces a number of challenges, both from the judicial, medical, and human rights aspects. From a juridical perspective, Government Regulation No. 70 of 2020 has provided technical guidelines related to the implementation mechanism, but there are still gaps in synchronization with other regulations, including the Criminal Code and health-related laws. From a medical perspective, chemical castration procedures require professional medical personnel and adequate health facilities, while from a human rights perspective, there is a debate about the relevance of this punishment to the principle of respect for human dignity. Thus, an evaluation of the application of chemical castration needs to be carried out comprehensively in order to ensure the protection of children's rights without ignoring the principles of justice and humanity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yoldy Israq, Suci Ramadani, Muhammad Arif Sahlepi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Brand Image and Product Quality on Frozen Food Purchase Decisions with Purchase Intention as a Mediating Variable at PT Madusari Nusaperdana Medan
This study aims to analyze the effect of brand image and product quality on frozen food purchase decisions, with purchase intention as an intervening variable among consumers of PT Madusari Nusaperdana in Medan City. A quantitative approach with a survey method was employed. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to consumers who had purchased products from PT Madusari Nusaperdana and were analyzed using regression analysis and mediation testing to examine both direct and indirect effects among variables. The results indicate that brand image and product quality have a positive and significant effect on purchase intention and also exert a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. Furthermore, purchase intention is found to have a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. Mediation analysis confirms that purchase intention mediates the relationship between brand image and product quality and purchase decisions. These findings suggest that strengthening brand image and improving product quality can enhance consumers’ purchase intention, which in turn leads to higher purchase decisions for frozen food products. The practical implication of this study highlights the importance of consistent brand-building strategies and quality control in increasing a company’s competitiveness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Willy Zek Nasution, Yossie Rossanty, Dewi Nurmasari Pane https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of the DPRD in Creating a Clean Government from KKN (Pematangsiantar City Study)
This study aims to analyze the role of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) of Pematangsiantar City in creating a clean government from the practice of Corruption, Collusion, and Nepotism (KKN). This study uses a descriptive-analytical method with a normative and empirical juridical approach through literature studies and field observations. The results of the study show that the Pematangsiantar City DPRD has carried out its supervisory function through work meetings, program evaluations, field inspections, and the use of interpellation rights and the right of inquiry. However, the effectiveness of supervision is still constrained by limited recommendatory authority, barriers to access to public information, and overlapping authority with other supervisory institutions. This study concludes that strengthening the role of the DPRD in realizing a clean government requires firm regulatory support, capacity building and institutional integrity, and active participation of the community.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zakaria Tambunan, Tamaulina Br. Sembiring, Ali Yusran Gea https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Leadership Style and Characteristics On Teacher Performance as an Intervening Variable Elementary School in Bababalan District, Langkat Regency
Improving the quality of basic education largely depends on teacher performance quality, which is influenced by various determinant factors. This study aims to analyze the role of professional competence as an intervening variable in the relationship between teacher characteristics and teacher performance in elementary schools in Babalan District, Langkat Regency. The research employed a quantitative approach involving 66 teachers from five elementary schools selected as case studies. Data were collected through Google Form-based online questionnaires with a 1-4 Likert scale and analyzed using path analysis with the assistance of SPSS. The results showed that teacher competence significantly affects teacher performance (B = 0.530; p < 0.01), while teacher characteristics proved significant in forming professional competence (B = 0.529; p < 0.01). Interestingly, the findings revealed that the principal's leadership style showed no significant effect either directly on performance or indirectly through competence. The Sobel test confirmed that competence significantly mediates the effect of teacher characteristics on performance (Z = 2.83), but does not mediate the relationship between leadership style and performance. The implications of this study recommend focusing development on specific and applicable teacher competency enhancement, as well as optimizing positive teacher characteristics that have been proven to be an important foundation in improving educational performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wenny Ramadani, Desi Astuti, Hernawaty Hernawaty https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effect Of Accounting System Effectiveness And Accountant Expertise On The Quality Of Financial Reports With The Use Of Accurate Software As A Moderating Variable At Pt Global Danapati Niaga (Blibli Omg)
This study aims to analyze the effect of accounting system effectiveness and accountant competence on the quality of financial reports, as well as to test the role of Accurate software as a moderating variable at PT Global Danapati Niaga (Blibli OMG). The research method uses a survey-based quantitative approach, with data processing through multiple linear regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results show that accounting system effectiveness is proven to contribute positively and significantly to the quality of financial reports, indicated by a coefficient of 0.29 with a significance of 0.000. Accountant competence also has a positive and significant effect, with a coefficient of 0.34 and a significance of 0.000. These findings strengthen that system capabilities and human resource expertise are the main foundations in producing quality reports. Moderation analysis reveals that Accurate software is also able to strengthen the relationship between accounting system effectiveness and accountant competence with the quality of financial reports. This is reflected in the significance value of the X1×Z interaction of 0.007 and X2×Z of 0.006. Simultaneously, the research model remains valid and significant (F = 6.234; p = 0.006), confirming that both independent variables are important determinants in improving the quality of financial reporting. Overall, this study emphasizes that companies need to prioritize strengthening accounting systems and developing accountant competencies as key strategies in improving the quality of financial reporting. Meanwhile, the use of Accurate software is more appropriately positioned as an operational support tool, rather than as a factor capable of strengthening the relationship between the main research variables.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tengku Sheila Chairunisa, Renny Maisyarah, M. Irsan Nasution https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Leadership Style and Employee Retention on Job Satisfaction with Organizational Citizenship Behavior as a Moderation Tool at PT Pelindo Multi Terminal Branch Lhokseumawe
This study aims to analyze the influence of leadership style and employee retention on job satisfaction with Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) as a moderation variable at PT Pelindo Multi Terminal Branch Lhokseumawe. The approach used is quantitative associative research. The population in this study is all employees of PT Pelindo Multi Terminal Branch Lhokseumawe which totals 40 people, with sampling techniques using saturated sampling. Data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using the Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method with the help of SmartPLS. The results of the measurement model test showed that all research indicators met the criteria of validity and reliability. The structural model has strong predictive capabilities, which is indicated by the R² values of job satisfaction and OCB in the high category, as well as the values of Q² and Goodness of Fit (GoF) which indicate that the model has excellent feasibility and predictability. The results of the direct relationship test showed that leadership style and employee retention had an effect on OCB, but both had not a direct effect on employee job satisfaction. In addition, OCB has also not had a direct effect on job satisfaction. Testing the effect of moderation showed that OCB was unable to moderate the relationship between leadership style and employee retention and job satisfaction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Taufik Rahmat Nasution, Yohny Anwar, Kiki Farida Ferine https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Leadership, Rewards, and Supervision on Work Discipline at PT Herfinta Farm & Plantation
This study aims to determine the positive and significant influence of leadership style, rewards, and supervision on work discipline at PT Herfinta Farm & Plantation. This study used quantitative methods with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 64 respondents working at PT Herfinta Farm & Plantation. Data analysis techniques used were validity and reliability tests, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that leadership had a positive and significant influence on work discipline. Furthermore, rewards also had a positive and significant influence on work discipline. Similarly, supervision had a positive and significant influence on work discipline. Therefore, it can be concluded that effective leadership, reward provision, and appropriate supervision play a role in improving employee work discipline at PT Herfinta Farm & Plantation. This study provides important implications for organizations to pay more attention to policies related to leadership, reward systems, and appropriate supervision mechanisms to improve employee work discipline.
Copyright (c) 2026 Soleh Huddin Sinaga, Saimara A.M. Sebayang, Wilchan Robain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Work Motivation, Work Discipline, and Work Environment on Employee Performance at PT. Prima Medan Lestari
This research endeavors to ascertain how employee performance at PT. Prima Medan Lestari is influenced by work motivation, work discipline, and the work environment. All the workers at PT. Prima Medan Lestari constitute the focus of this research. The year this investigation took place was 2025. Using a saturated sampling approach, the study included a sample and population of 40 respondents. The data were processed utilizing SPSS version 24. Classical assumption tests and multiple linear regression ana lysis were among the data analysis strategies used. According to the research findings, the t-test for the work motivation variable (X1) reveals a t-value of 7.722, which is greater than the t-table value of 2.028, and a significance value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05, suggesting that, in part, work motivation has a favorable and noteworthy impact on how well employees perform. The t-test result for the work discipline variable (X2) indicates a t-value of 2.727, which exceeds the t-table value of 2.028, alongside a significance value of 0.008, which is less than 0.05, implying that work discipline, in isolation, exerts a beneficial and substantial influence on employee performance. Regarding the work environment variable (X3), the t-test yields a t-value of 2.213, which is greater than the t-table value of 2.028, and a significance value of 0.033, which is less than 0.05, thereby signifying that the work environment, in part, positively and significantly affects employee performance. The outcome of the F-test reveals that the computed F-statistic of 27.099 surpasses the F-critical value of 2.641, accompanied by a noteworthy significance level of 0.000, which is less than the threshold of 0.05. The R- squared value, which measures the proportion of variance explained, stands at 0.668, or 66.8%, signifying the extent to which the predictor variables, namely work motivation (X1), work discipline (X2), and work environment (X3), account for the variation observed in the employee performance variable (Y). The outcomeoftheF-testreveals thatthe computed F-statistic of27.099 surpassestheF-critical value of2.641, accompanied byanoteworthysignificancelevel of0.000, which islessthanthethreshold of0.05. The R-squared value, which measures the proportion of variance explained, stands at 0.668, or 66.8%, signifying the extent to whichthepredictor variables, namely work motivation (X1), work discipline (X2), and work environment (X3), account for the variationobserved in the employee performance variable (Y).
Copyright (c) 2026 Sindya Rani, Muhammad Yalzamul Insan, Eli Delvi Yanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
O?itun W? O?in, O?in W? O?itun, Gender Roles Reversal and the Bane of Modernization: Lessons from the Past
Gender Roles definitions have played prominent parts in families and the society at large, influencing the training giving to children, as boys or girls, prompting their actions in the future. As modernity is embraced, the lines demarcating the gender roles became blurry and some of these roles were reversed, interchanged or were totally non-existent. With the influence of Western culture, some expectations previously gender tied within the family setting became outdated. Ancient African societies had symbiotic family relationships expressed in Yoruba as O??tu?n we? o?si?, o?si? we? o??tu?n,- the right washes the left and the left washes the right in the case of hand washing, which symbolically means that both hands are important to each other. This paper, therefore, examined the trend of gender roles reversals in today’s world by juxtaposing them with what obtained in the past with the view of drawing lessons for successful family living. Primary data was gathered from in-depth interviews conducted with 20 Yoruba elders versed in Yoruba culture and 20 married Yoruba Youths. A structured questionnaire was administered and responses from 73 respondents were gathered. The qualitative data were content analysed while the quantitative data were analysed descriptively using simple percentages.
Copyright (c) 2026 Samuel Kayode Olaleye, Oluwatoyin Adebola Gbadamosi, Julius Sunday Adekoya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0